目录 镜像制作 手动制作 准备系统ISO 安装系统 安装完成后 卸载CD-ROM设备 配置镜像 安装ACPI服务 安装cloud-init 禁用firewalld 禁用zeroconf 配置console 配置qemu-guest-agent服务 禁用自动退出 删除网络配置文件 关闭虚拟机 清理（移除mac地址等信息） 镜像压缩 脚本自动化构建 构建docker容器 安装 依赖环境 DIB 测试 镜像修改 密码修改 使用guestfish 使用virt-customize 使用horizon 上传镜像 使用ISO启动实例 UOS镜像 Windows镜像 Ubuntu镜像 镜像制作 镜像制作在云环境是必不可少的步骤，主要分为手动制作和自动化脚本制作两种。
手动制作 以制作一个uos-server 1060a系统镜像为例，简要梳理手动制作一个OpenStack可用镜像的流程。本地系统也使用了uos-server 1060a。
准备系统ISO 此处准备1060a系统ISO（下载地址 ）：uniontechos-server-20-1060a-amd64-RC4-20230421-0106.iso
安装系统 可以使用virt-manager直接在图形化界面操作或者virt-install命令在命令行启动。
使用virt-manager安装时和常规图形界面创建虚拟机操作步骤一致。
使用命令行安装时参考命令如下，首先创建名为1060a，大小为10G的qcow2格式空镜像。
1 qemu-img create -f qcow2 1060a.qcow2 10G
然后使用准备好的ISO和镜像，创建名为1060a的虚拟机
1 2 3 4 5 6 sudo virt-install --virt-type kvm --name 1060a --ram 4096 \ --cdrom=uniontechos-server-20-1060a-amd64-RC4-20230421-0106.iso \ --disk 1060a.qcow2,bus=virtio,size=10,format=qcow2 \ --network network=default \ --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \ --os-type=linux --os-variant=generic
安装时注意两点
设置网络状态为ON（打开）。默认Ethernet设置为OFF（关闭）。修改为ON（打开）。并且，确认IPv4设置的方法为“自动（DHCP）” 。
在使用lvm分区时应该将swap分区删除，只保留“/”和“/boot”分区；在使用标准分区时只保留“/”分区即可。
安装完成后 卸载CD-ROM设备 使用virt-manager时，直接在图形化界面删除。也可通过命令行操作。先使用virsh命令查看相应设备。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <domain > <name > 1060a</name > ... <disk type ='block' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' /> <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='1' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > ... </domain >
然后再利用命令行卸载，并重启虚拟机。
1 2 virsh attach-disk --type cdrom --mode readonly 1060a "" hd virsh reboot 1060a
配置镜像 进入镜像系统内部，完成如下操作。
安装ACPI服务 acpid是一个用户空间的服务进程, 用来处理电源相关事件。libvirt可以通过向guest虚拟机发送acpid事件触发电源操作，使虚拟机安全关机、重启等操作。
1 2 dnf install acpid -y systemctl enable acpid
安装cloud-init cloud-init是虚拟机第一次启动时执行的脚本，主要负责从metadata服务中拉取配置信息，完成虚拟机的初始化工作，比如设置主机名、初始化密码以及注入密钥等。
1 dnf install cloud-init -y
编辑/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg配置文件，允许root通过password ssh登录。
1 2 disable_root: 0 ssh_pwauth: 1
如上配置便于非生产环境使用，生产环境建议disable_root设为1，ssh_pwauth设为0。不开启密码登录功能，使用密钥登录更安全；同时不开启root远程登录。
修改root密码（可选），编辑/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg配置文件。
1 2 3 4 5 chpasswd: expire: false list: | root:qwe123!@#
关闭cloud-init网络配置，网络配置应该由openstack控制，所以关闭。
1 2 network: config: disabled
配置自动扩容，安装cloud-utils-growpart以允许根分区自动扩容。
1 dnf install cloud-utils-growpart -y
编辑cloud-init配置文件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 growpart: mode: auto devices: [/dev/vda2 ] ignore_growroot_disabled: false bootcmd: - [cloud-init-per ,once ,mygrowpart ,growpart ,/dev/vda ,2 ]- [cloud-init-per ,once ,mypartprobe ,partprobe ,-s ,/dev/vda2 ]- [cloud-init-per ,once ,mypvresize ,pvresize ,/dev/vda2 ]- [cloud-init-per ,once ,mylvextend ,lvextend ,-l ,+100%FREE ,/dev/mapper/uos-root ]- [cloud-init-per ,once ,myxfs_growfs ,xfs_growfs ,/dev/mapper/uos-root ]
需要根据具体环境情况修改配置文件，例如1050a中是uniontechos-root，而1060a中是uos-root。
1 2 3 bootcmd: - [ cloud-init-per , once , grow-partition , growpart , /dev/vda , 1 ] - [ cloud-init-per , once , resize-filesystem , xfs_growfs , /dev/vda1 ]
正确设置字符集，否则执行growpart会出错。
禁用firewalld 1 systemctl disable firewalld.service
禁用zeroconf 1 echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >> /etc/sysconfig/network
配置console 编辑 /etc/default/grub文件，配置GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX选项。删除“rhgb quiet”，添加“console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8”。使nova能够获取console log。
1 2 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto elevator=none console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=uniontechos/root elevator=none console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
运行如下命令，保存更改：
1 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
启用serial-getty服务，使用户可以通过virsh console进入虚拟机。
1 2 systemctl enable serial-getty@ttyS0.service systemctl start serial-getty@ttyS0.service
配置qemu-guest-agent服务 qemu-guest-agent类似于VMware tools，主要⽤于辅助Hypervisor实现对Guest的管理。通过qemu-guest-agent，openstack可以使用命令行直接修改管理员账户的密码。
安装服务
1 dnf install -y qemu-guest-agent
启用服务
1 systemctl enable qemu-guest-agent
注意，在openstack创建镜像时要指定镜像的属性hw_qemu_guest_agent=yes。
1 openstack image set --property hw_qemu_guest_agent=yes d1d3c1ad-7292-4e64-87a1-4a6069ec4056
使用openstack命令修改管理员密码。
1 openstack server set --root-password test-1060a
禁用自动退出 1 2 3 vim /etc/profile export TMOUT=0source /etc/profile
删除网络配置文件 uos采用NetworkManager进行网络的管理，如果遇到同名的网络设备时，系统在第一次启动时会跳过连接流程。
1 rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
关闭虚拟机 在虚拟机内部，以root用户运行：
清理（移除mac地址等信息） 在宿主机上运行。
1 sudo virt-sysprep -d 1060a
此时将1060a对应的qcow2文件拷贝走即可使用。
镜像压缩 qemu-img命令可以用来降低镜像大小，回收实际内容为零的空间
1 qemu-img convert -p -c -O qcow2 1060a.qcow2 uniontechos-server-20-1060a-amd64-RC4-20230421-0106-minimal.qcow2
脚本自动化构建 diskimage-builder （简称为DIB）是一个用于自动构建自定义的操作系统镜像的工具，以便在云和其他环境中使用。
构建docker容器 利用docker容器来搭建镜像的环境，这里选择centos镜像，同时将本地目录和容器内的文件目录做一个映射。
1 docker run -itd --privileged=true --name centos -v $PWD :/root centos:7 /sbin/init
安装 依赖环境 进入容器内安装DIB的依赖环境。
1 2 3 4 5 docker exec -it centos bash yum update yum install -y epel-release yum install -y python3 git sudo pip3 install -U pip setuptools wheel
安装qemu-img和kpartx。
1 2 apt-get install qemu-utils kpartx squashfs-tools e4fsprogs yum install -y qemu-img kpartx squashfs-tools e4fsprogs
DIB 从github将DIB下载下来。
1 git clone https://github.com/openstack/diskimage-builder.git
切换到最近的tag上，我这里是3.7.0。
1 2 cd diskimge-buildergit checkout -b v3.7.0 3.7.0
设置虚环境
1 2 pip install virtualenv mkdir venv && cd venv && virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 diskimage-builder
安装diskimage-builder。
1 cd /root/diskimage-builder && /root/venv/diskimage-builder/bin/pip install -e .
测试 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 [root@centos-linux ~] Usage: disk-image-create [OPTION]... [ELEMENT]... Options: -a i386|amd64|armhf|arm64 -- set the architecture of the image(default amd64) -o imagename -- set the imagename of the output image file(default image) -t qcow2,tar,tgz,squashfs,vhd,docker,aci,raw -- set the image types of the output image files (default qcow2) File types should be comma separated. VHD outputting requires the vhd-util executable be in your PATH. ACI outputting requires the ACI_MANIFEST environment variable be a path to a manifest file. -x -- turn on tracing (use -x -x for very detailed tracing). -u -- uncompressed; do not compress the image - larger but faster -c -- clear environment before starting work --logfile -- save run output to given logfile (implies DIB_QUIET=1) --checksum -- generate MD5 and SHA256 checksum files for the created image --image-size size -- image size in GB for the created image --image-extra-size size -- extra image size in GB for the created image --image-cache directory -- location for cached images(default ~/.cache/image-create) --max-online-resize size -- max number of filesystem blocks to support when resizing. Useful if you want a really large root partition when the image is deployed. Using a very large value may run into a known bug in resize2fs. Setting the value to 274877906944 will get you a 1PB root file system. Making this value unnecessarily large will consume extra disk space on the root partition with extra file system inodes. --min-tmpfs size -- minimum size in GB needed in tmpfs to build the image --mkfs-journal-size -- filesystem journal size in MB to pass to mkfs. --mkfs-options -- option flags to be passed directly to mkfs. Options should be passed as a single string value. --no-tmpfs -- do not use tmpfs to speed image build --offline -- do not update cached resources --qemu-img-options -- option flags to be passed directly to qemu-img. Options need to be comma separated, and follow the key=value pattern. --root-label label -- label for the root filesystem. Defaults to 'cloudimg-rootfs' . --ramdisk-element -- specify the main element to be used for building ramdisks. Defaults to 'ramdisk' . Should be set to 'dracut-ramdisk' for platforms such as RHEL and CentOS that do not package busybox. --install-type -- specify the default installation type . Defaults to 'source' . Set to 'package' to use package based installations by default. --docker-target -- specify the repo and tag to use if the output type is docker. Defaults to the value of output imagename -n skip the default inclusion of the 'base' element -p package[,p2...] [-p p3] -- extra packages to install in the image. Runs once, after 'install.d' phase. Can be specified multiple times -h|--help -- display this help and exit --version -- display version and exit Environment Variables: (this is not a complete list) * ELEMENTS_PATH: specify external locations for the elements. As for $PATH * DIB_NO_TIMESTAMP: no timestamp prefix on output. Useful if capturing output * DIB_QUIET: 1=do not output log output to stdout; 0=always ouptut to stdout. See --logfile NOTE: At least one distribution root element must be specified. NOTE: If using the VHD output format you need to have a patched version of vhd-util installed for the image to be bootable. The patch is available here: https://github.com/emonty/vhd-util/blob/master/debian/patches/citrix and a PPA with the patched tool is available here: https://launchpad.net/~openstack-ci-core/+archive/ubuntu/vhd-util Examples: disk-image-create -a amd64 -o ubuntu-amd64 vm ubuntu export ELEMENTS_PATH=~/source/tripleo-image-elements/elements disk-image-create -a amd64 -o fedora-amd64-heat-cfntools vm fedora heat-cfntools
创建ubuntu镜像。
1 /root/venv/diskimage-builder/bin/disk-image-create -a amd64 -o ubuntu-amd64 vm ubuntu
镜像修改 密码修改 镜像密码往往是一个比较令人头疼的问题。针对从centos、ubuntu官网上下载的镜像可以在创建完实例后，通过qemu-guest-agent服务修改root密码。需要提前设置镜像的属性打开qemu-guest-agent服务。
1 openstack image set --property hw_qemu_guest_agent=yes <image_id>
然后使用openstack命令修改管理员密码。
1 openstack server set --root-password <server_id>
这样做有几个缺点，每当创建完实例后都需要执行root修改密码操作，而且往往root用户不能直接使用ssh登录，只能通过vnc的方式先连接到实例，再修改ssh的配置，才能远程登录。但好在这些官方的镜像往往都采用cloud-init的方式，可以通过修改cloud-init的配置文件修改root登录。
使用guestfish 在计算节点（运行libvirtd服务的节点）上，使用guestfish命令。
1 2 yum install -y libguestfs-tools
执行guestfish命令。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 guestfish --rw -a CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-x86_64.qcow2 ><fs> run 100% ⟦▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒⟧ 00:00 ><fs> list-filesystems /dev/sda1: xfs ><fs> mount /dev/sda1 / ><fs> vi /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg ><fs> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
编辑cloud-init的配置文件/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 disable_root: false ssh_pwauth: true chpasswd: expire: false list: | root:centos
还可以直接修改/etc/shadow来修改密码。shadow文件一般由下面9个字段组成。
1 用户名:加密密码:最后一次修改时间:最小修改时间间隔:密码有效期:密码需要变更前的警告天数:密码过期后的宽限时间:账号失效时间:保留字段
例如。
1 root:$1$w07Q2CQS$6aSP5uit0 /sLG6p1uzaOc.:19527:0:99999:7:::
$1$w07Q2CQS$6aSP5uit0/sLG6p1uzaOc.即使加密的密码。其中密码的开头部分，$1$表示使用MD5算法，$2a$表示使用Blowfish算法，”$2y$”是另一算法长度的Blowfish,”$5$”表示SHA-256算法，而”$6$”表示SHA-512算法。
目前Linux的密码采用的是SHA512散列加密算法，原来采用的是MD5或DES加密算法。SHA512散列加密算法的加密等级更高，也更加安全。
使用openssl命令，可简单的生成MD5加密。
1 2 openssl passwd -1 'qwe123!@#' $1$i7sJan8C$kE9Lin .FiytHTz4QtNjal0
使用python的crypt模块，可生成SHA512加密。
1 2 python3 -c "import crypt;print(crypt.crypt('qwe123\!\@\#'))" $6$acVoXs6xgUiLxnhS$uyTSoX42qCE6FqqldpLyfV4mDHhI7j2qIL56WiKYKpSFnPRziBOMhgEhgGB /12XKZJNceamTkEk6mfd3/vpgT.
编辑ssh的配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config。
1 2 PermitRootLogin yes PasswordAuthentication yes
保存退出。
使用virt-customize 在计算节点（运行libvirtd服务的节点）上，安装依赖包。
1 yum install -y libguestfs-tools
使用virt-customize命令。
1 sudo virt-customize -a CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-x86_64.qcow2 --root-password password:123456
如果出现下面的错误。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 [ 0.0] Examining the guest ... virt-customize: error: libguestfs error: could not create appliance through libvirt. Try running qemu directly without libvirt using this environment variable: export LIBGUESTFS_BACKEND=direct Original error from libvirt: Cannot access storage file '/root/CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-x86_64.qcow2' (as uid:107, gid:107): 权限不够 [code=38 int1=13] If reporting bugs, run virt-customize with debugging enabled and include the complete output: virt-customize -v -x [...]
执行下面的操作，修改libvirtd的权限。
1 2 3 4 5 cat >> /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf << EOF user = "root" group = "root" EOF systemctl restart libvirtd.service
使用horizon horizon界面支持用户在创建云主机时注入密码，仅针对开启qemu-guest-agent服务的镜像。
修改horizon的local_settings.py文件。
1 2 3 4 OPENSTACK_HYPERVISOR_FEATURES = { ... 'can_set_password' : True , }
修改/etc/nova/nova.conf，kolla部署的nova修改/etc/kolla/nova-compute/nova.conf。
1 2 [libvirt] inject_password =true
重启horizon和nova-compute服务。
1 systemctl restart httpd nova-compute
查看horizon界面。
上传镜像 使用OpenStack命令上传镜像。
1 2 3 4 openstack image create --disk-format qcow2 \ --container-format bare --public \ --file ./CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-x86_64.qcow2 \ CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-x86_64
使用ISO启动实例 UOS镜像 使用uos镜像创建一个实例，创建时选择不从volume启动。实例ID为a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc，其中libvirtd的xml如下。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 <domain type ='kvm' id ='63' > <name > instance-0000138b</name > <uuid > a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc/disk' index ='1' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='2' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/5318b1004ad87ba4770212c2f6b1c9fc32f23787' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
nova表中block_device_mapping记录了磁盘的映射关系。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-11 08:52:48 updated_at: 2023-05-11 08:52:49 deleted_at: NULL id : 8740 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 17200200-24d9-4872-b973-af7a85a12c53 tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: edf44737-4835-47ff-b641-a17e15822ad0 volume_type: NULL 1 row in set (0.000 sec)
此时实例进入安装界面，但是没有磁盘。新建一块磁盘用于安装系统。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 openstack volume create --size 100 --availability-zone nova --bootable wkt-uos-desktop-test-without-volume +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2023-05-11T09:01:06.000000 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | 304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | wkt-uos-desktop-test-without-volume | | properties | | | replication_status | None | | size | 100 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | creating | | type | __DEFAULT__ | | updated_at | None | | user_id | 24d08826a98140ce8e2ade2606ff9ad8 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
等待磁盘创建完成后，添加到实例上。
1 openstack server add volume a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc 304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a
此时block_device_mapping表中为。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-11 08:52:48 updated_at: 2023-05-11 08:52:49 deleted_at: NULL id : 8740 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 17200200-24d9-4872-b973-af7a85a12c53 tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: edf44737-4835-47ff-b641-a17e15822ad0 volume_type: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-11 09:03:21 updated_at: 2023-05-11 09:03:28 deleted_at: NULL id : 8741 device_name: /dev/vda delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: 304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a volume_size: 100 no_device: NULL connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "h8e7h5iC5kMjFVJN6rfD" , "auth_password" : "wNmMTBsTMBs8dV67" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdf" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a" , "serial" : "304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a" } instance_uuid: a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc deleted: 0 source_type: volume destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: NULL disk_bus: NULL boot_index: NULL image_id: NULL tag: NULL attachment_id: 12cb3da5-a87f-4035-a0f9-c31a1306ce72 uuid: f1f7a8e6-b59b-4fde-a37d-af020979d4a4 volume_type: NULL 2 rows in set (0.001 sec)
此时实例的xml文件已经改变，可以看到新增了一块磁盘，但是系统界面看不到。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 <domain type ='kvm' id ='63' > <name > instance-0000138b</name > <uuid > a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc/disk' index ='1' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='2' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/5318b1004ad87ba4770212c2f6b1c9fc32f23787' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdf' index ='3' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > 304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x06' function ='0x0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
将实例硬重启。
1 openstack server reboot --hard a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc
可以看到xml文件中disk的index发生了变化。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc/disk' index ='2' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='3' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/5318b1004ad87ba4770212c2f6b1c9fc32f23787' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdf' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > 304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x04' function ='0x0' /> </disk >
这时进入系统的安装界面可以看到多了一块磁盘，然后进行系统的安装。系统安装完成的最后，会提示用户重启，用户点击重启后，又进入到系统的安装界面。此时及时进行硬重启也不解决问题，依旧进入系统的安装界面。
通过修改block_device_mapping表，尝试修改实例磁盘的启动顺序。
1 2 3 4 5 update block_device_mapping set boot_index=0 where id =8741; update block_device_mapping set boot_index=NULL where id =8740;
最后将实例硬重启。
1 openstack server reboot --hard a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc
查看xml文件，可以看到boot的设备由cdrom变为hd。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 <domain type ='kvm' id ='66' > <name > instance-0000138b</name > <uuid > a06135f1-4aa9-405d-910d-e398d83c5ecc</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdf' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > 304d88ac-3460-4c5d-950d-f17528b97e1a</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x04' function ='0x0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
此时可以正常进入系统。
Windows镜像 首先windows系统安装时需要virtio的驱动来读取磁盘信息，所以先以virtio的镜像创建一个volume。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 openstack volume create --size 1 --image virtio-win-0.1.225 --availability-zone nova wkt-virtio-win-0.1.225 +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2023-05-11T09:45:32.000000 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | 07476fea-b4bc-4bfc-86d4-84520a954ce6 | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | wkt-virtio-win-0.1.225 | | properties | | | replication_status | None | | size | 1 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | creating | | type | __DEFAULT__ | | updated_at | None | | user_id | 24d08826a98140ce8e2ade2606ff9ad8 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
等到volume状态变为可用时，创建windows实例。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 nova boot --availability-zone cloud \ --flavor 8-8-0 \ --image 60f8adab-fceb-47a2-a32a-f19d2351177e \ --nic net-id=7b6c69b5-bfa5-4145-901c-26979103da77 \ --block-device id =eb2006ba-6416-4b68-b8bf-b358589fba34,source =image,dest=volume,bus=ide,type =cdrom,size=1 \ wkt-windows-test
实例的ID是5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677。
查看block_device_mapping表的映射关系。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 deleted_at: NULL id : 8746 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: NULL disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 60f8adab-fceb-47a2-a32a-f19d2351177e tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: 6de66a02-6efb-4ce0-89a1-fa477f976909 volume_type: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:11:02 deleted_at: NULL id : 8747 device_name: /dev/hdb delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42 volume_size: 1 no_device: 0 connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "MDksZ4gonTVKwayfr2fB" , "auth_password" : "jjEXzRGtzbFKiB6m" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdg" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "serial" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" } instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: cdrom disk_bus: ide boot_index: NULL image_id: eb2006ba-6416-4b68-b8bf-b358589fba34 tag: NULL attachment_id: c45a1ce7-16b0-4319-90d0-2a08463cc220 uuid: 94a9eb85-e31b-41cd-bf07-431d7a6f9534 volume_type: NULL 2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
xml配置文件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 <domain type ='kvm' id ='69' > <name > instance-0000138e</name > <uuid > 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677/disk' index ='2' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='3' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/77a37f6c71682eba3d2f883c4736edd52b431752' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdg' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='hdb' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <serial > c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42</serial > <alias name ='ide0-0-1' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='1' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
添加系统盘。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 openstack volume create --size 100 --availability-zone nova --bootable wkt-windows-test-volume +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2023-05-12T02:16:56.000000 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | wkt-windows-test-volume | | properties | | | replication_status | None | | size | 100 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | creating | | type | __DEFAULT__ | | updated_at | None | | user_id | 24d08826a98140ce8e2ade2606ff9ad8 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
等待磁盘创建完成后，添加到实例上。
1 openstack server add volume 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e
查看
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 deleted_at: NULL id : 8746 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: NULL disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 60f8adab-fceb-47a2-a32a-f19d2351177e tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: 6de66a02-6efb-4ce0-89a1-fa477f976909 volume_type: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:11:02 deleted_at: NULL id : 8747 device_name: /dev/hdb delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42 volume_size: 1 no_device: 0 connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "MDksZ4gonTVKwayfr2fB" , "auth_password" : "jjEXzRGtzbFKiB6m" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdg" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "serial" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" } instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: cdrom disk_bus: ide boot_index: NULL image_id: eb2006ba-6416-4b68-b8bf-b358589fba34 tag: NULL attachment_id: c45a1ce7-16b0-4319-90d0-2a08463cc220 uuid: 94a9eb85-e31b-41cd-bf07-431d7a6f9534 volume_type: NULL *************************** 3. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:19:10 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:19:11 deleted_at: NULL id : 8748 device_name: /dev/vda delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e volume_size: NULL no_device: NULL connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: volume destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: NULL disk_bus: NULL boot_index: NULL image_id: NULL tag: NULL attachment_id: 418d9322-eef3-4b15-9ca0-fbda0d7c9140 uuid: b5f6b25d-44f3-416e-aab3-3ce350607d4a volume_type: NULL 3 rows in set (0.001 sec)
xml配置文件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 <domain type ='kvm' id ='69' > <name>instance-0000138e</name> <uuid>5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677</uuid> ... <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type ='file' device='cdrom' > <driver name='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache='none' /> <source file='/var/lib/nova/instances/5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677/disk' index='2' /> <backingStore type ='file' index='3' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/77a37f6c71682eba3d2f883c4736edd52b431752' /> <backingStore/> </backingStore> <target dev='hda' bus='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0' /> </disk> <disk type ='block' device='cdrom' > <driver name='qemu' type ='raw' cache='none' io='native' /> <source dev='/dev/sdg' index='1' /> <backingStore/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide' /> <readonly /> <serial>c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42</serial> <alias name='ide0-0-1' /> <address type ='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1' /> </disk> <disk type ='block' device='disk' > <driver name='qemu' type ='raw' cache='none' io='native' /> <source dev='/dev/sdh' index='4' /> <backingStore/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio' /> <serial>d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e</serial> <alias name='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function ='0x0' /> </disk> ... </devices> </domain>
硬重启实例5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677。
1 openstack server reboot --hard 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 deleted_at: NULL id : 8746 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: NULL disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 60f8adab-fceb-47a2-a32a-f19d2351177e tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: 6de66a02-6efb-4ce0-89a1-fa477f976909 volume_type: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:10:28 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:22:46 deleted_at: NULL id : 8747 device_name: /dev/hdb delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42 volume_size: 1 no_device: 0 connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "MDksZ4gonTVKwayfr2fB" , "auth_password" : "jjEXzRGtzbFKiB6m" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdh" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" , "serial" : "c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42" } instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: cdrom disk_bus: ide boot_index: NULL image_id: eb2006ba-6416-4b68-b8bf-b358589fba34 tag: NULL attachment_id: c45a1ce7-16b0-4319-90d0-2a08463cc220 uuid: 94a9eb85-e31b-41cd-bf07-431d7a6f9534 volume_type: NULL *************************** 3. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 02:19:10 updated_at: 2023-05-12 02:22:45 deleted_at: NULL id : 8748 device_name: /dev/vda delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e volume_size: 100 no_device: NULL connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "7KCnU2hmY9nkUuAoM5Nc" , "auth_password" : "4SMDpNsTFFmzjJi5" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdg" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e" , "serial" : "d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e" } instance_uuid: 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677 deleted: 0 source_type: volume destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: virtio boot_index: NULL image_id: NULL tag: NULL attachment_id: 418d9322-eef3-4b15-9ca0-fbda0d7c9140 uuid: b5f6b25d-44f3-416e-aab3-3ce350607d4a volume_type: NULL 3 rows in set (0.001 sec)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 <domain type ='kvm' id ='70' > <name > instance-0000138e</name > <uuid > 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677/disk' index ='3' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='4' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/77a37f6c71682eba3d2f883c4736edd52b431752' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdh' index ='2' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='hdb' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <serial > c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42</serial > <alias name ='ide0-0-1' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='1' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdg' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x04' function ='0x0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
进入系统的安装界面后开始安装windows系统。安装完成后，在实例内部重启系统，会进入系统安装界面，硬重启后解决。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 <domain type ='kvm' id ='70' > <name > instance-0000138e</name > <uuid > 5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/5ace35d4-7195-465e-afca-2c81279bb677/disk' index ='3' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='4' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/77a37f6c71682eba3d2f883c4736edd52b431752' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdh' index ='2' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='hdb' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <serial > c5f26969-397c-491b-8ee6-a2e9df1f9b42</serial > <alias name ='ide0-0-1' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='1' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdg' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > d1e96c3b-7a2a-478d-ab98-de94aefcbc0e</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x04' function ='0x0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
Ubuntu镜像 创建磁盘。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 openstack volume create --size 100 --availability-zone nova --bootable wkt-ubuntu-test-volume +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2023-05-12T06:50:54.000000 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | 9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742 | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | wkt-ubuntu-test-volume | | properties | | | replication_status | None | | size | 100 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | creating | | type | __DEFAULT__ | | updated_at | None | | user_id | 24d08826a98140ce8e2ade2606ff9ad8 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
创建实例，ID是dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361。
1 2 3 4 5 openstack server create --availability-zone cloud \ --flavor 8-8-0 \ --image 82f524ed-4d97-445f-b527-f5299c5d0b3b \ --network 7b6c69b5-bfa5-4145-901c-26979103da77 \ wkt-ubuntu-test
查看block_device_mapping表。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 06:54:05 updated_at: 2023-05-12 06:54:06 deleted_at: NULL id : 8751 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 82f524ed-4d97-445f-b527-f5299c5d0b3b tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: 8e57c44d-9fb5-44d9-807d-ae4c675a1c91 volume_type: NULL 1 row in set (0.001 sec)
xml配置文件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 <domain type ='kvm' id ='73' > <name > instance-00001391</name > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361/disk' index ='1' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='2' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/d2db90ced7b2064373138e505ea3ed5a0b6374c7' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
添加磁盘。
1 openstack server add volume dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361 9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742
查看block_device_mapping表。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 06:54:05 updated_at: 2023-05-12 06:54:06 deleted_at: NULL id : 8751 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 82f524ed-4d97-445f-b527-f5299c5d0b3b tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: 8e57c44d-9fb5-44d9-807d-ae4c675a1c91 volume_type: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 07:00:52 updated_at: 2023-05-12 07:00:58 deleted_at: NULL id : 8752 device_name: /dev/vda delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: 9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742 volume_size: 100 no_device: NULL connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "WEXNsUK3tjc7fB7Y7NoH" , "auth_password" : "CHpWUeYpQTmA4UMQ" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdi" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" , "serial" : "9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" } instance_uuid: dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361 deleted: 0 source_type: volume destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: NULL disk_bus: NULL boot_index: NULL image_id: NULL tag: NULL attachment_id: 95e2231a-919a-4a3e-8b2f-7549756fb293 uuid: 5158750e-4680-4a13-990b-6ee735087162 volume_type: NULL 2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
xml配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 <domain type ='kvm' id ='73' > <name>instance-00001391</name> <uuid>dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361</uuid> ... <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type ='file' device='cdrom' > <driver name='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache='none' /> <source file='/var/lib/nova/instances/dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361/disk' index='1' /> <backingStore type ='file' index='2' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/d2db90ced7b2064373138e505ea3ed5a0b6374c7' /> <backingStore/> </backingStore> <target dev='hda' bus='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0' /> </disk> <disk type ='block' device='disk' > <driver name='qemu' type ='raw' cache='none' io='native' /> <source dev='/dev/sdi' index='3' /> <backingStore/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio' /> <serial>9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742</serial> <alias name='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function ='0x0' /> </disk> ... </devices> </domain>
将实例硬重启。
1 openstack server reboot --hard dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361
查看block_device_mapping表。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 select * from block_device_mapping where instance_uuid="dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361" \G*************************** 1. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 06:54:05 updated_at: 2023-05-12 06:54:06 deleted_at: NULL id : 8751 device_name: /dev/hda delete_on_termination: 1 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: NULL volume_size: NULL no_device: 0 connection_info: NULL instance_uuid: dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361 deleted: 0 source_type: image destination_type: local guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: NULL boot_index: 0 image_id: 82f524ed-4d97-445f-b527-f5299c5d0b3b tag: NULL attachment_id: NULL uuid: 8e57c44d-9fb5-44d9-807d-ae4c675a1c91 volume_type: NULL *************************** 2. row *************************** created_at: 2023-05-12 07:00:52 updated_at: 2023-05-12 07:04:11 deleted_at: NULL id : 8752 device_name: /dev/vda delete_on_termination: 0 snapshot_id: NULL volume_id: 9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742 volume_size: 100 no_device: NULL connection_info: {"driver_volume_type" : "iscsi" , "data" : {"target_discovered" : false , "target_portal" : "10.10.15.12:3260" , "target_iqn" : "iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" , "target_lun" : 0, "volume_id" : "9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" , "auth_method" : "CHAP" , "auth_username" : "WEXNsUK3tjc7fB7Y7NoH" , "auth_password" : "CHpWUeYpQTmA4UMQ" , "encrypted" : false , "qos_specs" : null, "access_mode" : "rw" , "device_path" : "/dev/sdi" }, "status" : "reserved" , "instance" : "dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361" , "attached_at" : "" , "detached_at" : "" , "volume_id" : "9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" , "serial" : "9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742" } instance_uuid: dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361 deleted: 0 source_type: volume destination_type: volume guest_format: NULL device_type: disk disk_bus: virtio boot_index: NULL image_id: NULL tag: NULL attachment_id: 95e2231a-919a-4a3e-8b2f-7549756fb293 uuid: 5158750e-4680-4a13-990b-6ee735087162 volume_type: NULL 2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
xml配置文件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 <domain type ='kvm' id ='74' > <name > instance-00001391</name > <uuid > dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='file' device ='cdrom' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='qcow2' cache ='none' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361/disk' index ='2' /> <backingStore type ='file' index ='3' > <format type ='raw' /> <source file ='/var/lib/nova/instances/_base/d2db90ced7b2064373138e505ea3ed5a0b6374c7' /> <backingStore /> </backingStore > <target dev ='hda' bus ='ide' /> <readonly /> <alias name ='ide0-0-0' /> <address type ='drive' controller ='0' bus ='0' target ='0' unit ='0' /> </disk > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdi' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > 9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x04' function ='0x0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
更改block_device_mapping。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 update block_device_mapping set boot_index=NULL where id =8751; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.002 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [nova]> update block_device_mapping set boot_index=0 where id =8752; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.002 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
硬重启实例后，xml配置文件已修改。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 <domain type ='kvm' id ='75' > <name > instance-00001391</name > <uuid > dc6ee9e7-7f0b-4e97-b0eb-087cf22c7361</uuid > ... <devices > <emulator > /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator > <disk type ='block' device ='disk' > <driver name ='qemu' type ='raw' cache ='none' io ='native' /> <source dev ='/dev/sdi' index ='1' /> <backingStore /> <target dev ='vda' bus ='virtio' /> <serial > 9275c580-6679-4f60-810b-06ca11ae8742</serial > <alias name ='virtio-disk0' /> <address type ='pci' domain ='0x0000' bus ='0x00' slot ='0x04' function ='0x0' /> </disk > ... </devices > </domain >
